Description
The Met-Clean products are patented mixtures of liquid inorganic polysulfides, polythionites, and thio reaction products that can be used over a wide pH range to remove toxic heavy metals from wastewaters and groundwaters. They can also stabilize heavy metals in soils and sludges.
Purpose
The purpose of Met-Clean products is to precipitate heavy metals from wastewater and groundwater to trace levels. The MC100 product is used to precipitate heavy metals from acid and neutral solutions, while the MC200 product is used over the full pH range. Both products are formulated to minimize hydrogen sulfide emissions in acid solutions.
Advantages
- Low Trace Concentrations. Met-Clean products precipitate heavy metals to trace levels lower than is achievable with other chemical treatment Solutions. In most cases, metal concentration are reduced to parts per billion levels.
- Low Toxicity. The Met-Clean products are 100 to 200 times less toxic than organic sulfur compounds (carbamates) and therefore less hazardous to employees and the environment. Carbamates are known carcinogens.
- Cost Effective. The Met-Clean products are competitively priced with other specialty precipitation chemicals. However, low dosage rates often results in significant cost savings to the user. Chemical precipitation is significantly less costly than demineralization, ultrafiltration, or reverse osmosis technologies.
- Low Equipment Cost. Minimum equipment additions and modifications are necessary to use the Met-Clean products in existing wastewater treatment Solutions.
- Low Hydrogen Sulfide Generation. Sulfur compounds can generate hydrogen sulfide in acid pH conditions. The Met-Clean products are specially formulated to prevent hydrogen sulfide emissions from exceeding allowable limits.
- Mixed Wastes. The Met-Clean products are effective in precipitating heavy metals in the presence of chelating agents, surfactants, and neutral salts. Combinations of heavy metals can be precipitated simultaneously.
- Low Leachability. Metal sulfide precipitates will generally pass the TCLP test. Therefore, many RCRA "D-listed" wastes can be classified as non-hazardous and disposed in Subtitle D landfills.
- Wide pH Range. The Met-Clean products can be used over a pH range of 0-14, making them far more useful in many different applications.
- Sludge Reduction. When the Met-Clean products are used to precipitate heavy metals in an acid pH, the quantity of toxic sludges is greatly reduced.
- Pollution Removal. The Met-Clean products are capable of polishing organic and inorganic pollutants from wastewater. This includes mineral oils and paraffins.
- High Filterability. Met-Clean precipitates are dense which makes them easy to filter and dewater. They reduce membrane fouling problems and prevent "floater" problems in clarifiers
Results
| Element | Symbol | Achievable limits (mg/L) |
|---|---|---|
| Antimony | Sb | 0.010 |
| Arsenic | As | 0.005 |
| Cadmium | Cd | 0.001 |
| Chromium | Cr | 0.008 |
| Copper | Cu | 0.005 |
| Lead | Pb | 0.003 |
| Manganese | Mn | 0.100 |
| Mercury | Hg | 0.0005 |
| Molybdenum | Mo | 0.050 |
| Nickel | Ni | 0.005 |
| Selenium | Se | 0.010 |
| Tin | Sn | 0.005 |
| Zinc | Zn | 0.005 |
Dose Rates
Treatment dose rates are low due to the high solubility of sulfur in the Met-Clean products. Dose rates are dependent on metal concentrations and the amount of metal complexes formed. For most applications, if there are no complexing agents present, 3-7 pounds of the Met-Clean products are required for each pound of heavy metal precipitated.
| MC100 | MC200 | |
|---|---|---|
| Form | Liquid | Liquid |
| Odor | Sulfur | Ammonia |
| Density (g/cm3) | 1.165 | 1.125 |
| Vapor Pressure (mbar at 20°C) | 21.7 | 20.8 |
| Boiling Point (°C) | 102.2 | 103.1 |
| Freezing Point (°C) | -7.4 | -5.5 |
| Solubility in Water | Unlimited | Unlimited |
| pH | 11.0 | 11.35 |
Applications
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Data on Met-Clean provided by Sulmet, LLC (Durham, NC)